diff --git a/sigil/sessions.py b/sigil/sessions.py
index 9282dfb..15bd820 100644
--- a/sigil/sessions.py
+++ b/sigil/sessions.py
@@ -92,25 +92,50 @@ def issue_agent_session(
     }
 
 
-def issue_view_session(
-    store: Store,
-    agent: str,
-    scopes: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-    ttl: int = 3600,
-    granted_by: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> dict:
-    """Mint a human_via_agent session.
+class GrantedCode:
+    """Proof that a one-time view code was redeemed.
 
-    Plumbing primitive, not an entry point: it trusts whoever calls it. Code
-    reached from outside the process must authenticate first. issue_code()
-    enforces that by requiring an agent session, and redeem_code() may present a
-    one-time code as its credential.
+    Constructed only by viewcodes.redeem_code(), and only from a code that
+    actually matched. Minting a human session now requires one of these, so the
+    session minting path cannot be reached by passing an agent name.
 
-    `granted_by` is the agent that approved the code. It is recorded so the
-    audit trail can answer "who let this human in" and not merely "which
-    agent's things did they see".
+    This is a guardrail against wiring mistakes, not a security boundary: any
+    code running in this process can construct it. The boundary that matters is
+    that no network-reachable route reaches this function without either an
+    agent session (issue_code) or a valid code (redeem_code).
     """
-    granted = list(scopes if scopes is not None else HUMAN_VIEW_SCOPES)
+
+    __slots__ = ("agent", "scopes", "ttl", "_sigil_internal")
+
+    def __init__(self, agent: str, scopes: List[str], ttl: int, _internal=None):
+        if _internal is not _ISSUER:
+            raise errors.SigilError(
+                "GrantedCode cannot be constructed directly; it comes from"
+                " viewcodes.redeem_code()"
+            )
+        self.agent = agent
+        self.scopes = list(scopes)
+        self.ttl = ttl
+        self._sigil_internal = _internal
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<GrantedCode agent={self.agent!r}>"
+
+
+_ISSUER = object()
+
+
+def issue_view_session(store: Store, grant: "GrantedCode") -> dict:
+    """Mint a human_via_agent session from a redeemed code.
+
+    Takes a GrantedCode rather than an agent name, so the only way to reach a
+    human session is to have redeemed a code. `granted_by` is the agent that
+    approved it, recorded so the audit trail can answer "who let this human in"
+    and not merely "which agent's things did they see".
+    """
+    agent = grant.agent
+    granted = list(grant.scopes)
+    ttl = grant.ttl
     extra = [s for s in granted if s not in HUMAN_VIEW_SCOPES]
     if extra:
         # Defence in depth: even if a caller tries to widen a human session,
@@ -125,7 +150,7 @@ def issue_view_session(
         agent,
         granted,
         expires,
-        granted_by=granted_by or agent,
+        granted_by=agent,
     )
     store.record(
         "session.issued",
@@ -135,7 +160,7 @@ def issue_view_session(
             "kind": HUMAN_VIA_AGENT,
             "scopes": granted,
             "expires_at": expires,
-            "granted_by": granted_by or agent,
+            "granted_by": agent,
         },
     )
     return {
@@ -143,7 +168,7 @@ def issue_view_session(
         "kind": HUMAN_VIA_AGENT,
         "subject": f"{agent}'s human",
         "on_behalf_of": agent,
-        "granted_by": granted_by or agent,
+        "granted_by": agent,
         "scopes": granted,
         "expires_at": expires,
         "ttl": ttl,
@@ -198,4 +223,6 @@ def assert_may_act_as_agent(session: dict) -> str:
 
 def revoke(store: Store, token: str) -> None:
     store.revoke_session(hash_token(token))
-    store.record("session.revoked", actor="system", detail={"token_prefix": token[:8]})
\ No newline at end of file
+    # A digest, not a prefix of the token: the log outlives the session.
+    store.record("session.revoked", actor="system",
+                 detail={"token_ref": "tok:" + hash_token(token)[:12]})
\ No newline at end of file